Increased islet apoptosis in Pdx1^+/– mice
J. Clin. Invest. James D. Johnson, et al. 111:1147 doi:10.1172/JCI16537 [Go to this article.]

Figure 3
Estimation of intracellular Ca²⁺ signals in islets and single β cells. (a) No differences were seen in Ca²⁺ signals from whole islets loaded with Fura-2 in response to 20 mM glucose (n = 20), 10 mM glyceraldehyde (Glycer; n = 12), 10 mM α-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC; n = 12), 20 mM KCl (n = 50), or carbachol (Cch; in the presence or absence of 2 mM EGTA; n = 8 for each). Average area under the curve (arbitrary units [AU]) was calculated from raw traces consisting of unitless ratio values (340/380). (b) Average NADH autofluorescence (AU) was measured from groups of individual islets (n = 8). Calibrated Ca²⁺ traces are shown for single, large Fura-4F–loaded Pdx1^+/+ cells (c and d) or Pdx1^+/– cells (e and f) exposed to 15 mM glucose (black bars), 15 mM arginine (gray bars), or 30 mM KCl (white bars). Representative traces from 66 Pdx1^+/+ cells and 35 Pdx1^+/– cells are shown. Similar results were seen with 20 mM glucose (not shown). See Table 1 for a full quantification of single-cell Ca²⁺ signals. arg, arginine.