TGF-β antagonists: Why suppress a tumor suppressor?
J. Clin. Invest. Rosemary J. Akhurst, et al. 109:1533
doi:10.1172/JCI15970 [Go to this article.]

Figure 1
The TGF-β signaling pathway. TGF-βs bind and activate the TGF-β receptor complex, which transmits signal predominantly via activation and nuclear translocation of Smad proteins. However, several Smad-independent signaling pathways are also activated by this receptor complex, and the outcome of Smad signaling can be modified by interaction with other signaling pathways (1).