(a) Analysis of expression of HIV-1– and CMV-specific, CD8⁺tetramer⁺ T cells in one representative patient at baseline, and after 1 week and 24 weeks of therapy. Patient 1007 was treated with CsA + HAART, and with HAART only from week 8 onward. PBMCs were stained with anti-CD8 peridinin chlorophyll (PerCP) and with either the HIV-1–specific B7-TPGPGVRYPL tetramer PE (upper panel) or the CMV-specific B7-TPRVTGGGAM tetramer PE (lower panel). The data are expressed as the percentage of cells coexpressing CD8 and the tetrameric HLA molecule within CD3⁺ T cell populations. (b) Analysis of HIV-1– and CMV-specific CD4⁺ T cells within different populations of memory cells, defined by the expression of CCR7 in two representative patients after 48 weeks of therapy. Patient 1009 was treated with CsA + HAART, while Control 2 was treated with HAART only. PBMCs were stimulated with HIV-1 p55 gag protein and CMV lysates and analyzed for the expression of CD4, CCR7, CD69, and IFN-γ (intracellular expression). The data show the expression of CD69 and IFN-γ within CD4⁺CCR7^– T cell populations. Negative control: unstimulated PBMCs. Positive controls: PBMCs stimulated with SEB. The cluster of events shown in blue correspond to the responder CD4⁺ T cells coexpressing CD69 and IFN-γ, while the cluster of events in red correspond to the nonresponder CD4⁺ T cells. The data are expressed as the percentage of cells coexpressing CD69 and IFN-γ within CD4⁺CCR7^– T cell populations.